Biblical Languages: Foundational Certificate Program

For serious theological study you need to be able to recognize the original words of the New Testament since they regularly appear in commentaries and lexicons. This course will make you feel at ease when you encounter such references by teaching you the Greek alphabet and showing you how to pronounce whole words. To help you master the Greek alphabet, each lesson has an interactive activity section with various experiential exercises, such as game-type drills, an alphabet song, and quizzes. There are also reference sections with additional information and materials such as printable charts. This course has two versions that teach different pronunciation systems: Koine (GK091) and Erasmian (GK092). Both versions are bundled together so you can compare them and decide which you want to learn. Whether you are just curious about the alphabet or are planning to study biblical Greek, this course provides a fantastic foundation for recognizing Greek letters and words so you can work with all of the words the Lord has preserved for us in the New Testament.

Learning Objectives

Upon successful completion you should be able to:

• Recite the Greek alphabet
• Distinguish Greek vowels and the various types of consonants
• Understand how diacritical marks affect pronunciation
• Pronounce Greek words
• Read Greek passages aloud
• Begin learning Greek vocabulary words
• Reference various Greek pronunciation systems

Contents:

Greek Alphabet and Pronunciation

• Course Orientation
• The Greek Alphabet
• Greek Alphabet Song
• Vowels
• Consonant Stops
• Double Consonants, Consonant Blends, and Liquids
• Diacritical Marks
• Pronouncing Words
• Reading Greek

This course will introduce you to the vocabulary, grammar, and syntax of the Greek New Testament. First, you will learn the sounds and symbols of the Greek alphabet. Then you will be guided through all the parts of speech, as the course surveys the conjugations and declensions and demonstrates how all the parts work together in phrases, clauses, and sentences. Frequent vocabulary lists, grammar exercises, and practice readings from the Greek New Testament are included to help you develop your knowledge and skills.

Learning Objectives

Upon successful completion you should be able to:

• Translate basic Greek vocabulary
• Translate verbs appropriately in context, accurately reflecting their tense, voice, and mood
• Translate nouns, adjectives, and participles appropriately in context, accurately reflecting their gender, number, and case
• Recognize and translate definite, indefinite, demonstrative, interrogative, and reflexive pronouns
• Recognize and translate prepositions appropriately in context
• Understand how word order influences emphasis
• Use Greek lexical and grammatical tools for in-depth study of the Greek New Testament

Contents:

Introduction

• Introducing the Speaker and the Course

Unit 1: Alphabet and Pronunciation

• Pronunciation
• English Square of Stops
• Greek Square of Stops
• Sibilants
• Nasals and Liquids
• Vowels, Semivowels, and Digraphs
• The Alphabet
• Punctuation and Accent Marks
• Breathing Marks and IōtaSubscript
• Elision and Syllabification
• Practice

Unit 2: Present Active and Contract Verbs

• Present Active Indicatives
• Vocabulary 1
• Exercises: Present Active Indicatives
• Contract Verbs Ending in Vowels and Verb Accentuation
• Vocabulary 2
• Exercises: Contract Verbs

Unit 3: Second Declension Nouns, Prepositions, and the Article

• Second Declension Nouns
• Vocabulary 3
• Exercises: Nominatives and Accusatives
• Genitives and Datives: Part 1
• Genitives and Datives: Part 2
• Exercises: Genitives and Datives
• Prepositions: Part 1
• Prepositions: Part 2
• Definite Article: Use and Meaning
• Definite Article: Morphology
• Exercises: Masculine Articles
• Second Declension Neuter Nouns
• Vocabulary 4
• Exercises: Second Declension Masculine and Neuter Nouns

Unit 4: First and Second Declension Nouns and Adjectives

• First Declension Feminine Nouns
• Vocabulary 5
• Exercises: First and Second Declension Nouns
• First Declension Masculine Nouns
• First Declension Exceptions
• Vocabulary 6
• Exercises: First Declension Masculine and Feminine Nouns
• Adjectives
• Vocabulary 7

Unit 5: Present and Imperfect Tenses of “To Be,” Imperfects, Second Declension Adjectives, Demonstrative Pronouns, and Uses of ἀυτός

• Present Tense of “To Be”
• Exercises: Adjectives
• Imperfects: Uses
• Imperfects: Morphology
• Vocabulary 8
• Exercises: Imperfects
• Imperfect of “To Be”
• Demonstrative Pronouns
• Uses of ἀυτός
• Exercises: Pronouns

Unit 6: Passives, Deponents, Verbal Voice, Imperatives, and Relative Pronouns

• Passives: Morphology
• Passives: Meaning and Syntax
• Vocabulary 9
• Exercises: Verbal Voice
• Deponents
• Imperatives
• Relative Pronouns
• Vocabulary 10
• Exercises: Relative Pronouns and Translating

Unit 7: Infinitives, Personal and Reflexive Pronouns, Middle Voice, Verb Tense, Future Tense, Changes in Verbal Roots, and Questions

• Infinitives: Syntax
• Infinitives: Uses
• Personal Pronouns
• Vocabulary 11
• Exercises: Infinitives
• Middle Voice
• Future Tense
• Vocabulary 12
• Exercises: Future Tense
• Changes to Verbal Roots
• Vocabulary 13
• Reflexive Pronouns
• Kinds of Questions
• Exercises: Kinds of Questions
• Verb Tense

Unit 8: Aorists, Object Clauses after Verbs of Saying or Thinking, Liquid Verbs, Temporal Clauses, and the Preposition παρά

• First Aorist: Sigmatic Forms
• Imperatives: Aorist vs. Present
• Aorist vis-à-vis Present Infinitives
• Exercises: Aorist Forms
• Second Aorists: Thematic Forms
• Athematic Aorists
• Aorists and Unrelated Roots
• Object Clauses after Verbs of Saying or Thinking
• Vocabulary 14
• Exercises: Asigmatic Aorists
• Liquid Verbs
• Temporal Clauses and the Preposition παρά
• Vocabulary 15

Unit 9: Third Declension Nouns, Aorists, Third Declension Irregular Adjectives, and Passives

• Regular Third Declension Nouns
• Irregular Third Declension Nouns
• Vocabulary 16
• Exercises: Third Declension Nouns
• Semivowel Stem Third Declension Nouns
• Neuter Third Declension Nouns
• Vocabulary 17
• Exercises: Translating Aorists
• Third Declension and Irregular Adjectives
• Vocabulary 18
• Exercises: Translating Sentences
• Passives for the Aorist and Future

Unit 10: Participles, Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns, Aorist Middles, Comparative Adjectives, and Contract Verbs

• Participles: Morphology: Part 1
• Participles: Morphology: Part 2
• Participles: Meaning and Use
• Vocabulary 19
• Exercises: Translating Participles
• Participles as Genitive Absolutes
• Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns
• Vocabulary 20
• Exercises: Translating Genitive Absolutes
• Aorist Middles
• Comparative Adjectives
• Vocabulary 21
• Exercises: Comparative Adjectives
• Contract Verbs: Α-Type andΟ-Type
• Vocabulary 22
• Exercises: Translating Contract Verbs

Unit 11: Principal Parts, Perfects and Pluperfects, Subjunctives, Infinitives, and μι Verbs

• Verbs: Six Principal Parts
• Perfect and Pluperfect Tenses
• Vocabulary 23–24
• Subjunctives: Morphology
• Subjunctives: Morphology and Syntax
• Vocabulary 25
• Exercises: Translating Subjunctives
• Infinitives: Other Uses
• Exercises: Infinitive Uses
• The -μι Verbs
• Exercises: δίδωμι

Conclusion

• Conclusion to the Course

Gain insight into Hebrew grammar, and learn all of the sounds and symbols of the alphabet—both the consonants and the vowels. Explore the forms of the noun, the adjective, and the verb in all its conjugations of the basic patterns. Discover how these words work together to form phrases, clauses, and sentences. As you deepen your knowledge of how Hebrew works, you will practice reading Hebrew text from the Hebrew Bible.

Contents:

Introduction

• Introducing the Speaker and the Course

Unit 1: Learning to Read Hebrew

• The Alphabet
• Consonants with Two Forms and Two Sounds
• Vowels
• Putting Consonants and Vowels Together
• Sheva and Strong Dagesh
• Unit 1 Vocabulary
• Unit 1 Practice
• Unit 1 Practice Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 1 Quiz

Unit 2: Nouns: Basic Forms

• Gender of Nouns
• Number of Nouns
• Summary of Basic Noun Forms
• Unit 2 Vocabulary
• Unit 2 Practice
• Unit 2 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 2 Quiz

Unit 3: Personal Pronouns and the Definite Article

• Personal Pronouns
• Definitive Article
• Unit 3 Vocabulary
• Unit 3 Practice
• Unit 3 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 3 Quiz

Unit 4: Verbs: Perfects

• Overview of the Hebrew Verb
• Qal Perfect
• Use of Qal Perfect
• Unit 4 Vocabulary
• Unit 4 Practice
• Unit 4 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 4 Quiz

Unit 5: Sentences with Verbs

• Subject
• Direct Object
• Word Order
• Negative Sentences
• Unit 5 Vocabulary
• Unit 5 Practice
• Unit 5 Practice Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 5 Quiz

Unit 6: Verbs: Seven Patterns

• Seven Basic Verb Patterns
• Niphal
• Piel and Pual
• Hiphil and Hophal
• Hitpael
• Unit 6 Vocabulary
• Unit 6 Practice
• Unit 6 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 6 Quiz

Unit 7: Prepositions and Vav Conjunction

• Prepositions
• Independent Prepositions
• Inseparable Prepositions
• Vav Conjunction
• Unit 7 Vocabulary
• Unit 7 Practice
• Unit 7 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 7 Quiz

Unit 8: Adjectives: Forms and Use

• Basic Forms of Adjectives
• Geminate Roots
• Use of Adjectives
• Unit 8 Vocabulary
• Unit 8 Practice
• Unit 8 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 8 Quiz

Unit 9: Verbs: Imperfect

• Form of the Qal Imperfect
• Use of Imperfect
• Unit 9 Vocabulary
• Unit 9 Practice
• Unit 9 Practice Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 9 Quiz

Unit 10: Nouns: Construct State

• Use of Construct State
• Form of Construct State
• Unit 10 Vocabulary
• Unit 10 Practice
• Unit 10 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 10 Quiz

Unit 11: Pronoun Suffixes

• Pronoun Suffixes on Singular Nouns
• Pronoun Suffixes on Plural Nouns
• Pronoun Suffixes on Prepositions
• Unit 11 Vocabulary
• Unit 11 Practice
• Unit 11 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 11 Quiz

Unit 12: Verbs: Infinitives

• Infinitives
• Infinitive Construct
• Infinitive Absolute
• Unit 12 Vocabulary
• Unit 12 Practice
• Unit 12 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 12 Quiz

Unit 13: Verbs: Participles

• Introducing Participles
• Use of the Participle
• Unit 13 Vocabulary
• Unit 13 Practice
• Unit 13 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 13 Quiz

Unit 14: Verbs: The Volitives

• Volitives
• Imperative and Jussive
• Negating and Indirect Volitive
• Unit 14 Vocabulary
• Unit 14 Practice
• Unit 14 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 14 Quiz

Unit 15: Verbs: Vav-Relative

• Vav-Relative
• Use of the Vav-Relative
• Unit 15 Vocabulary
• Unit 15 Practice
• Unit 15 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 15 Quiz

Unit 16: Verbs: Piels

• Piel
• Form of the Piel
• Piel Imperative, Infinitive, Participle
• Piel Cohortative and WCI
• Unit 16 Vocabulary
• Unit 16 Practice
• Unit 16 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 16 Quiz

Unit 17: Verbs: Hiphils

• Introducing the Hiphil
• Form of the Hiphil
• Hiphil Imperative, Infinitive, Participle
• Hiphil Cohortative, Jussive, and WCI
• Unit 17 Vocabulary
• Unit 17 Practice
• Unit 17 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 17 Quiz

Unit 18: Verbs: Niphals

• Meaning of the Niphal
• Form of the Niphal
• Niphal Imperative, Infinitive, Participle
• Niphal Cohortative, Jussive, and WCI
• Unit 18 Vocabulary
• Unit 18 Practice
• Unit 18 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 18 Quiz

Unit 19: Syntax: The Perfect

• Syntax of the Perfect
• Performative, Gnomic, Precative, and Rhetorical Perfect
• Unit 19 Vocabulary
• Unit 19 Practice
• Unit 19 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 19 Quiz

Unit 20: Syntax: The Imperfect

• Syntax of the Imperfect
• Imperfect Modalities
• Unit 20 Vocabulary
• Unit 20 Practice
• Unit 20 Reading Your Hebrew Bible

Unit 21: Weak Roots

• Introducing Weak Roots
• Unit 21 Vocabulary
• Unit 21 Practice
• Unit 21 Reading Your Hebrew Bible
• Unit 21 Quiz

Conclusion

• Finishing the Course but Not Your Hebrew Studies

Final Exam

A complete introductory grammar that builds on a classic approach to learning Greek.

In An Introduction to Biblical Greek, John D. Schwandt integrates the rigor of a classic Greek grammar with the fruit of contemporary language learning. The result is a one-stop introduction to New Testament Greek that is both academically sound and student friendly.

This textbook teaches students the basics of the Greek language through 37 lessons that are supported by translation and writing exercises from the New Testament. These practical lessons and exercises will help readers grasp Greek grammar and vocabulary as they start to translate the text of the New Testament itself. Appendixes on additional grammatical topics offer students the opportunity to dive deeper into their study of the Greek language.

Achieving the right balance of amount of information, style of presentation, and depth of instruction in first-year grammars is no easy task. But Mark Futato has produced a grammar that, after years of testing in a number of institutions, will please many, with its concise, clear, and well-thought-out presentation of Biblical Hebrew.

Because the teaching of biblical languages is in decline in many seminaries and universities, Futato takes pains to measure the amount of information presented in each chapter in a way that makes the quantity digestible, without sacrificing information that is important to retain. The book includes exercises that are drawn largely from the Hebrew Bible itself.

Contents:

• THE ALPHABET
• THE VOWELS
• SYLLABLES, SHEVA, AND STRONG DAGESH
• THE NOUN: BASIC FORMS
• PRONOUNS AND THE DEFINITE ARTICLE
• THE VERB: QAL PERFECT
• SENTENCES WITH VERBS
• THE NOUN: VOWEL CHANGES
• PREPOSITIONS AND VAV CONJUNCTION
• THE ADJECTIVE
• THE VERB: QAL IMPERFECT
• CONSTRUCT RELATIONSHIP: SINGULAR
• CONSTRUCT RELATIONSHIP: PLURAL
• QAL PERFECT AND IMPERFECT: WEAK ROOTS
• QAL PERFECT AND IMPERFECT: I NUN AND III HEY
• POSSESSIVE SUFFIXES ON SINGULAR NOUNS
• DEMONSTRATIVE AND RELATIVE PRONOUNS
• QAL IMPERFECT: I YOD AND I ALEF
• POSSESSIVE SUFFIXES ON PLURAL NOUNS
• THE VERB: QAL INFINITIVES
• THE VERB: QAL ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
• PRONOUN SUFFIXES ON PREPOSITIONS
• THERE IS (NOT) AND HAVE (NOT)
• THE VERB: QAL VOLITIVES
• QAL: HOLLOW VERBS
• THE VERB: VAV-RELATIVE
• CLAUSES: TEMPORAL AND INTERROGATIVE
• THE PIEL: STRONG ROOTS
• THE PIEL: STRONG ROOTSTHE PIEL: WEAK ROOTS
• NUMBERS AND “SURPRISE”
• THE HIPHIL: STRONG ROOTS
• THE HIPHIL: I GUTTURAL AND I NUN
• THE HIPHIL: I YOD
• THE HIPHIL: III HEY AND HOLLOW
• MORE ON PRONOUN SUFFIXES
• THE NIPHAL: STRONG ROOTS
• THE NIPHAL: WEAK ROOTS
• MORE PASSIVE VERBS: QAL, PUAL, AND HOPHAL
• THE VERB: THE HITHPAEL
• THE VERB: GEMINATE ROOTS
• PARADIGMS
• VOCABULARY
• ANSWERS TO PRACTICE DRILLS